Ball spline Ball bearings installed inside the outer sleeve of the splined shaft roll smoothly within the precision-ground raceway, transmitting torque efficiently. The unique contact design features a larger contact angle (40°). In addition to high sensitivity, this design significantly increases the load-carrying capacity. It is ideally suited for environments with excessive vibration and impact loads, offering high positioning accuracy and superior motion performance, ensuring effective operation even under such demanding conditions. Moreover, even when used as a replacement for linear ball bushings, the rated load of the ball spline is more than ten times that of a coaxial linear bushing. As a result, the design can be remarkably compact, allowing for safe use even under cantilevered loads and moments, while also boasting exceptional durability.

　　The clearance in the rotational direction of ball splines significantly affects their precision and stiffness. Therefore, it is crucial to select an appropriate clearance based on the specific application. In general, products with preload are recommended. Since reciprocating rotary or reciprocating linear motions are subject to substantial vibration and impact, using a preloaded design can markedly enhance both service life and precision.

　　The ball spline shaft features longitudinal keyways on its outer surface. The rotating components fitted onto the shaft also have corresponding keyways, enabling them to rotate in synchronization with the shaft. While rotating, some of these components can also slide longitudinally along the shaft—for example, in gearboxes during gear shifting. There are various methods for machining ball spline shafts, including rolling, milling, and grinding, as well as plastic deformation processes such as cold stamping and cold rolling.

　　1. Gear Hobbing: Splined hobs are manufactured on splined shaft milling machines or gear hobbing machines using the generating method.

　　2. Milling Method: On a universal milling machine, the tooth profile is directly milled using a specially shaped milling cutter, and the teeth are machined using a dividing head. If a form cutter is not required, two disc-shaped milling cutters can be used simultaneously to mill both sides of a single tooth; after completing the milling of each tooth, the bottom diameter can be slightly refined using another disc-shaped milling cutter.

　　3. Grinding Method: Use a form grinding wheel on a spline shaft grinder to grind the diameters of the spline sides and bottom surface.